For the first time in the world, Takeshi Ichinohe and his colleagues at the University of Tokyo have discovered that outside temperature, food intake, and intestinal bacterial-derived metabolites affect the immune response and vaccine efficacy after influenza virus infection.
Global warming expands the habitat of organisms that carry various infectious diseases, but the effect of outside air temperature on the immune response induced after viral infection was unknown.It was also unclear why the gut microbiota helps induce an immune response against influenza virus.
This time, we raised mice in a hot environment of 36 ° C, assuming global warming. It was found that the immune response induced after infection with influenza virus, Zika virus, and severe febrile thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus was reduced compared to mice reared at 22 ° C.Mice reared in a hot environment had reduced food intake, which was one of the factors that reduced the immune response.Therefore, we hypothesized and verified that the nutritional status of the host plays an important role in inducing an immune response against influenza virus.As a result, it was found that administration of gut microbiota-derived metabolites (butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid) and glucose to mice reared at 36 ° C partially restored the decreased virus-specific immune response. ..
Here we show that outside air temperature influences the induction of virus-specific immune responses and elucidate why the gut flora is useful for influenza virus-specific immune responses.In addition, this important finding could reduce the effectiveness of live attenuated influenza vaccines (approved in the United States) and nasal influenza vaccines in clinical trials in Japan due to global warming, food crises, and excessive dieting. It was suggested.The research group needs further research to understand these correctly and to formulate countermeasures.
