On April 4, a research group led by Associate Professor Yukihisa Murata and Assistant Professor Tatsuro Nakamura of the Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences of the University of Tokyo announced that PGD28 produced from mast cells using mice that had undergone an anaphylactic reaction was vascularly permeable. It announced that it has discovered that it has the function of suppressing excessive anaphylaxis by suppressing a sharp rise.Furthermore, we identified the receptor on which PGD2 acts and demonstrated that stimulation of this receptor with a drug is useful for suppressing anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis (shock), which occurs when food allergies or bee stings occur, is caused by the activation of mast cells, which are one of the immune cells, and the release of large amounts of inflammatory substances such as histamine and leukotrienes.Symptoms include urticaria and respiratory symptoms, as well as decreased blood pressure and body temperature accompanied by increased blood vessel permeability, loss of consciousness, and in severe cases, death may occur.Mast cells, which play a major role in the anaphylactic reaction, have been shown to produce large amounts of a lipid mediator called prostaglandin D1 (PGD2) along with histamine and leukotrienes, but the bioactivity of this substance has not been known.
In this study, histamine is produced when mice are given a drug called compound 48/80 that activates mast cells, or when an antigen-antibody reaction occurs, which increases skin vascular permeability and lowers blood pressure and body temperature. Was triggered. There was no change in histamine production in mice systemically deficient in PGD2 synthase (H-PGDS).However, the symptoms of anaphylaxis worsened dramatically.It was found that mast cells produce PGD2, and that PGD2 receptor deficiency exacerbates anaphylaxis and that stimulation improves symptoms.
Anaphylaxis is the greatest risk associated with food allergies, which have been increasing in number in recent years.The results of this research clarify the origin of this reaction and propose a method for controlling it, and it is expected that it will be applied to treatment in the future.
Paper information:[The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology] Mast cell-derived PGD2 emitters anaphylactic reactions in mice
