The survey focused on the relationship between the way children were praised and scolded by their parents in childhood, and their "degree of self-determination," "sense of security," "ability to execute plans," and "compliance with laws and regulations" in adulthood.The survey was conducted via the Internet.There were 2052 valid respondents (ages 20-70).

　As a result, when scolded by their parents, those who remembered encouraging them to do their best next time had a higher degree of self-determination and a sense of security than those who were scolded by their parents, saying, "Why can't you do it?" rice field. "Punishing" did not produce good results in the sense that it increased anxiety.

　When praised by their parents, the self-determination level and sense of security were both the highest for those who were recognized for their efforts by saying, "You did your best," and the lowest self-determination level for those who received a reward.In addition, the self-determination level was lower in the praise of "great" than in the praise of "you did your best."

　Furthermore, ``punishing'' and ``rewarding'' are more likely to lead to habitual and ethical consideration of things from a long-term perspective, compared to being told, ``Let's do our best next time,'' or ``You did your best.'' The result was a decrease in behavior.This result is consistent with increasing the degree of hyperbolic discounting in behavioral economics (the tendency to discount future gains, in which the difference between today and tomorrow is greater than the difference between one year later and the next day). .

　These results suggest a method of developing human resources who have a strong sense of ethics and the ability to execute plans while acquiring an independent spirit.

Paper information:[Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry] Effects of praising and scolding on children's future -Empirical research in Japan-