Associate Professor Jun Nakahara of the University of Tokyo Center for Education and Research and Parsol Research Institute Co., Ltd. conducted a joint research "Hope" that examined the actual conditions and factors of "overtime work" that is becoming a norm in Japanese companies, targeting 6,000 company employees. The research results of "Overtime Studies Project" have been published.
調査によると、管理職を除くメンバー層で30時間以上残業している人の割合が多い業種1位は運輸・郵便業（37.7％）、2位は情報通信業（32.1％）、3位は電機・ガス・熱供給・水道業（32.1％）。職種の1位は配送・物流（46.8％）、2位は商品開発・研究（41.5％）、3位はIT技術・クリエイティブ職（39.0％）だった。
On the other hand, among the bosses above the section chief, the industry is ranked first in the construction industry (1%), second in the manufacturing industry (54.2%), and third in the transportation / postal industry (2%).The occupations are 51.7st product development / research (3%), 50.0nd professional occupation (1%), and 65.2rd production control / manufacturing (2%).The industries in which the average monthly overtime hours exceeded 61 hours during the busy season are the construction industry and the transportation / postal industry.The occupations were product development / research and professional occupations.
We also analyze the characteristics of workplaces where overtime occurs and verify the mechanism of overtime.According to a survey of bosses, more than 60.4% of the respondents "prioritize work to excellent subordinates", and 30.4% of bosses working at companies that are implementing measures to reduce overtime work " It has become difficult to ask subordinates to work overtime. ”On the other hand, only 17.6% of the bosses of companies that have not implemented overtime measures answered the same question. It is presumed that this leads to work concentration.
In terms of organizational characteristics where overtime is likely to occur, it became clear that the “atmosphere that makes it difficult to return first” has the greatest impact on overtime.In addition, "happiness" gradually decreased according to overtime hours, but increased after 60 hours a month.However, among those who work overtime for 60 hours or more, the percentage of those who feel strong stress is 1.6 times that of those who do not work overtime, and 1.9 times that of those who have serious illness or illness, and they are exposed to high health risks. It turned out that.
